In Paris, the Eiffel Tower has opened its doors

March 31 is the 90th day of the year (91st for leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days remaining until the end of the year is 275.

Railways

• March 31, 1868 3 for Rumelia Railways. The contract was signed with the Belgian Van der Elst brothers and his associates.
• March 31, 1919 Letter sent to Baghdad Supreme Supervisor, requesting correspondence to Baghdad Railway Company in French.
• March 31, 1922 An agreement is signed between Italy and the Istanbul government (Garroni-Izzet Pasha). According to the agreement, Italy would evacuate southwestern Anatolia, while Zonguldak would obtain concessions in coal mining and railway construction.

Olaylar

• 1517 – The 95 theses of Martin Luther’s criticism of the Catholic Church on the Protestant Reformation.
• 1774 – American War of Independence: The British government closes the port of Boston.
• 1866 – The Spanish Navy bombards the Chilean port of Valparaíso.
• 1848 – Two sisters, Margaret and Kate Fox, become the first professional mediums, claiming to have a relationship with the spirit world.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower, built by Gustave Eiffel, was inaugurated in Paris to mark the 1789th anniversary of the 100 French Revolution.
• 1909 – Construction of the RMS Titanic begins.
• 1901 – The four-cylinder vehicle ordered from Daimler by Emile Jelinek, Consul General of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is delivered to its owner. Jelinek named his new vehicle after his daughter “Mercedes”.
• 1917 – The United States buys part of the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million.
• 1918 – Daylight saving time is first introduced in the United States.
• 1921 – In the Second Battle of İnönü, the Turkish Army’s counterattack begins.
• 1923 – Treaty of Lausanne: Representatives of the Entente Powers meet in London, responding to Turkey’s note on March 8, urging them to continue the talks broken off at Lausanne.
• 1925 – In the region where the Sheikh Said rebellion took place, the law on the execution of death sentences issued by the Divan-ı Harb without requiring approval is accepted.
• 1928 – 7.0 people died in a 50 magnitude earthquake in Torbalı, Izmir.
• 1931 – An earthquake in Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, kills 2000 people.
• 1964 – There was a military coup in Brazil.
• 1965 – The United States enters the Hot War by sending 3,500 Marines to Vietnam.
• 1975 – The first government of the Nationalist Front (39th government) is established under the presidency of Süleyman Demirel.
• 1979 – The last British troops in Malta withdraw from the island.
• 1980 – The process leading to the September 12, 1980 coup in Turkey (1979 – September 12, 1980): Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren told National Defense Minister Ahmet İhsan Birioğlu that a new president had to be elected as soon as possible. Another 58 people escaped from Van prison. Two policemen trying to take down a bomb banner in Istanbul were smashed. A total of 2 people were killed in 10 cities.
• 1985 – WrestleMania, WWE’s and the world’s most prestigious wrestling event, is won.
• 1990 – Yusuf Kurçenli, who participates in the program of the ninth Istanbul Film Festival. dark nights The film was banned by the supervisory board.
• 2005 – Makemake (dwarf planet) is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown.
• 2008 – Italian artist Pippa Bacca is found dead in a forest area near the village of Tavşanlı in the Gebze district of Kocaeli. Suspect Murat K. was arrested for allegedly killing Bacca.
• 2014 – Last Forever-2, the final episode of How I Met Your Mother, aired.
• 2015 – The electrical system collapsed in Turkey. There were interruptions of up to 79 hours in 10 provinces.
• The 2019-2019 local elections in Turkey have taken place.

births

• 250 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (died 306)
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese ruler (died 1565)
• 1596 – René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1650)
• 1723 – Frederik V, Duke of Denmark-Norway and Schleswig-Holstein (died 1766)
• 1732 – Franz Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (died 1809)
• 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch aristocrat, zoologist, ornithologist and curator (died 1858)
• 1809 – Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Russian writer (died 1852)
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist and inventor (died 1899)
• 1833 – Mary Abigail Dodge, American essayist and publisher (died 1896)
• 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai, Soviet revolutionary writer and diplomat (known for her efforts to radically change social customs and the position of women in Russia, first female ambassador to the world (died 1952)
• 1872 – Arthur Griffith, Irish writer and politician (founder of the Irish liberation movement Sinn Féin (“We Ourselves”) and First Vice-President and then President of the Republic of Ireland) (died 1922)
• 1906 – Siniciro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (died 1979)
• 1914 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and author (died 1998)
• 1922 – Richard Kiley, American actor (died 1999)
• 1922 – Zeyyat Selimoğlu, Turkish writer and translator (died 2000)
• 1926 – John Robert Fowles, English novelist and essayist (died 2005)
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese director (died 2013)
• 1933 – Beklan Algan, Turkish actor, writer and director (died 2010)
• 1938 – Ahmet Ayık, Turkish wrestler
• 1943 – Christopher Walken, American actor
• [1945–EnginAlansoldierandTurkishPolitician[1945–EnginAlansoldatethommepolitiqueturc
• 1948 – Al Gore, American politician
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman, American actress
• 1948 – Sinan Bengier, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1955 – Angus Young, Scottish-Australian musician and AC/DC guitarist
• 1962 – Olli Rehn, Finnish politician
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, Spanish director
• 1972 – Facundo Arana, Argentinian actor
• 1974 – Stefan Olsdal, Swedish musician
• 1978 – Jérôme Rothen, French footballer
• 1978 – Stephen Clemence, English footballer and manager
• Pashhan Yilmazel, Turkish actor
• Ambroise Michel, French actress and comedian
• 1987 – Georg Listing, German musician and Tokio Hotel bassist

Armed

• 1631 – John Donne, English poet (b. 1572)
• 1727 – Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1643)
• 1763 – Marco Foscarini, 117th Duke of the Republic of Venice (b. 1696)
• 1837 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
• 1850 – John C. Calhoun, American statesman (b. 1782)
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, English novelist (famous for Jane Eyre) (b. 1816)
• 1869 – Allan Kardec, French author and founder of experimental spiritualism (b. 1804)
• 1870 – Thomas Cooke, Canadian Catholic priest and missionary (b. 1792)
• 1898 – Eleanor Marx, Marxist writer and political activist (b. 1855)
• 1907 – Léo Taxil, French journalist and author (born in 1854)
• 1910 – Jean Moreas, Greek-French poet (b. 1856)
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician and winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology (b. 1854)
• 1943 – Pavel Milyukov, Russian historian and liberal politician (b. 1859)
• [1945-AnneFrankJewishwriter(famousforherdiariesHolocausticon)(bornin1929)[1945-AnneFrankécrivainjuif(célèbrepoursesjournauxintimesicônedel’Holocauste)(néeen1929)
• [1945-HansFischerGermanchemist(bornin1881)[1945-HansFischerchimisteallemand(néen1881)
• 1970 – Semyon Tymoshenko, Soviet Commander (b. 1895)
• 1975 – Munis Faik Ozansoy, Turkish poet and writer (born in 1911)
• 1976 – Paul Strand, American photographer (b. 1890)
• 1980 – Jesse Owens, American athlete (born in 1913)
• 1981 – Enid Bagnold, English writer (b. 1889)
• 1986 – Jerry Paris, American actor (born in 1925)
• 1993 – Brandon Lee, Chinese-American actor (born in 1965)
• 1995 – Selena, American singer-songwriter (born 1971)
• 2001 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (b. 1915)
• 2008 – Jules Dassin, American director (born in 1911)
• 2008 – Pippa Bacca, Italian artist and activist (born in 1974)
• 2009 – Atilla Konuk, Turkish politician and athlete (born 1923)
• 2009 – Aydın Babaoğlu, Turkish film actor (born in 1953)
• 2009 – Raúl Alfonsín, Argentine lawyer and politician (born 1927)
• 2010 – Ana Novac, Romanian writer (born in 1929)
• 2010 – Alp Can, Turkish journalist (born in 1961)
• 2013 – Yaşar Güner, Turkish theatre, film and TV series actor (born in 1943)
• 2015 – Mehmet Selim Kiraz, Turkish prosecutor (born in 1969)
• 2016 – Denise Robertson, British animator (born in 1932)
• 2016 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician (born 1927)
• 2016 – Zaha Hadid, British architect (born in 1950)
• 2016 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer and Nobel laureate (born in 1929)
• 2017 – Halit Akçatepe, Turkish theatre, film and TV series actor (born in 1938)
• 2018 – Mükerrem Kemertaş, Turkish singer (born in 1938)
• 2019 – Nipsey Hussle, American hip-hop artist (born in 1985)

Holidays and special occasions

• “Azerbaijani Genocide Day”